Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. Despite its complexity, there are methods that can significantly enhance human life. First of all, you need to follow a certain diet.
If you follow a properly prescribed diet, then diabetes will not affect your general well-being in any way and in addition will reduce the likelihood of various complications including heart attack, stroke and so on. Sh.
Types of diet
Diabetes diet is determined by the type of disease and age category. So there are general principles for creating proper nutrition that are tailored based on the individual parameters of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, a certain menu is assigned to reduce the danger from it. Getting proper nutrition through your diet does not have to be complicated.
- Reducing the risk of chronic and acute complications;
- Maintain good health and relatively strong immunity!
- Prevention or loss of weight gain,
- Maintain blood sugar levels within acceptable limits.
There are two types of diabetes. The first, in other words, is called insulin dependent. Its development is associated with damage to the cells of the pancreas and death, which are responsible for the production of insulin.
With it, nutrition aims to sustain the insulin therapy process and is increasingly an additional method of disease control. His principles are similar to the principles that healthy people follow to achieve a good figure and well-being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. Since treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, you need to control what percentage of your daily carbohydrate diet. Typically, this should be no more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it is also independent of insulin, develops in obese people, therefore, diet is in the first place. In the early stages of the disease or mild, it is a matter of rationally getting rid of excess weight.
When this type of diabetes reaches a moderate or even severe form, then in addition to diet medications are prescribed to lower blood sugar, or insulin. It should be noted that in such cases you should also pay special attention to physical activity. Thanks to them, a problem such as obesity can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diets are e. g. Tables 8 and 9. The eighth diet table is used for those who are overweight or have a tendency to be overweight. The ninth is the basis for determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet number 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9 is considered curative and is prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates). It also aims to prevent disorders related to fat metabolism. Its caloric content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
Such a diet is characterized as follows:
- Caloric content should be reduced by eating animal fats and carbohydrates that are easily absorbed (except sweets and sugar),
- Partial reduction or complete elimination of cholesterol and salt;
- Consume more vitamins and fiber,
- The protein content should be within the normal range.
All healthy diets, including the ninth, are based on proper food intake. You should eat often and in small portions. In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
You should eat fried or stewed food as little as possible or forget about it at all. It must first be baked and boiled. It is best to design a menu during the week as it will make it easier for you to keep track. Special preference should be given to the following products:
- Lean meat
- Lean fish
- Vegetables containing not more than 5% carbohydrates
- Fruit (not all),
- Natural drinks without sugar.
As for spices and eggs, their consumption should be limited. This is especially true of egg yolks. The amount of protein per day should not exceed 1. 5 units. In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, pasta, macaroni and puff pastry, pickled vegetables are also prohibited.
Bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all their derivatives should not be consumed categorically. The same goes for fats like pork, lamb and beef. To get the necessary fats, you should eat butter (without salt) and vegetable oil in moderation.
Diet number 9 is the basis used to schedule essential nutrition. According to the personal indicators of diabetics, it is adjusted. There are different types of diet that you can combine and find what is right for you.
What is a unit of bread?
Since proper nutrition for diabetics is the consumption of a certain amount of carbohydrates, you need to know how this cherished norm is determined, which depends on how much and what food you need to eat.
Every product that contains carbohydrates has different physical properties and calories. These characteristics are not subject to the usual measurement method. In addition, eating with diabetes requires increased control over your own daily intake.
To make it easier for you to determine how much you need to eat this or that product and not to go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit". The concept is used in cases where a diabetic is prescribed insulin.
With such a unit of measurement, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drunk and what cannot. He sets his healthy menu based on personal indicators and can also modify some foods for carbohydrate-containing products.
Typically, a person should consume 18 to 25 such units per day. Since there should be five meals, it makes sense to distribute this amount rationally at all times. The main "dose" should enter the body in the first half of the day. To keep track of the amount of bread consumed, you can set yourself a menu for the day.
How many calories should you consume per day?
The diabetic diet requires the elimination of many foods and dishes that may have previously been included in the daily diet. However, you should not mix foods that allow you to normalize your sugar levels with what is necessary to lose extra pounds.
A type 1 diabetes meal is designed to calculate exactly how much insulin is needed. In this case, the caloric content does not play such an important role. It should be monitored so as not to gain weight.
The type 2 diabetes diet requires an increase in calories as it often develops during obesity. However, it is not worthwhile to reduce their number to fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated according to individual indicators of the body. The diet itself should be low in carbohydrates, but this does not mean a complete lack of carbohydrates. You need to eat full, but it is important not to overdo it.
When it comes to what you can eat with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you should sit almost on bread crumbs and water. This is absolutely impossible. Food should be perfect, contain vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes for delicious, satisfying and at the same time healthy dishes that will not allow you to recover, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy. What specific foods should be consumed and how many calories are allowed per day should be discussed with your doctor.
Useful and unhealthy foods
A low carb diet is different. For a healthy person, they are less severe than for people diagnosed with diabetes. But they have the same meaning. They differ in the main list of products that are divided into healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Useful
- All kinds of vegetables!
- Herbs (spinach, sour, dill),
- Mushrooms,
- Meat and fish (lean),
- Coffee and tea,
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately high sugar:
- Potatoes,
- Cereals,
- Pasta, including heavy varieties,
- milk products.
Sugar rises sharply:
- Sweets,
- honey,
- Drinks with added sugar,
- Alcohol,
- Grapes and their derivatives,
- Hot and salty spices.
This division of products is generally accepted and is often the basis for the development of the diabetes menu. But what is good for one person may be bad for another. Since everything is relative, an individual diet is prepared for each diabetic.
How to eat for obesity
It is believed that in order to lose weight, you need to follow a strict low-calorie diet. But the thing is, it doesn’t work. Numerous studies have shown that by reducing the caloric content of your diet, nothing happens except the constant feeling of hunger, loss of hunger, nervousness and so on.
With such a diet it will be possible to lose weight by literally a few pounds, but if the body was characterized by elasticity and good muscles, then this is what will leave it in the first place. Subcutaneous fat will go nowhere and sometimes, conversely, will accumulate even more.
A protein diet involves the active intake of proteins and a parallel reduction in the amount of fats and carbohydrates. The approach itself is not bad, but it also has its own nuances. Again, it is impossible to overdo it with proteins and it is completely forbidden to exclude fats from the diet. Lack of carbohydrates will lead to loss of vital energy.
Eventually, it all comes down to a low carb diet again. By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar. When it comes to weight loss, he is not a life saver, but he is the best of the best. It's its merit that all the essential elements needed to maintain vital activity enter the body.
Thus, when there are natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates rationally, the body does not need to make deposits. Metabolism begins to work like clockwork, there is no chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease practically disappear and the person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain a healthy body with type 1 diabetes you need a diet low in the same carbohydrates. But in this case it has to be tough. Table number does not play a special role here, although diet number 9 often takes root.
The problem is that even the action of insulin is very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators. This is why it is essential to follow a certain diet. The fewer carbohydrates that enter the body, the less insulin is needed.
You need to understand that your own diet is related to your personal dose of insulin. Therefore, when designing your menu you should take into account the amount of the drug. It is best to plan this daily to make it easier to perform.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
Since type 2 diabetes is more difficult than type 1 diabetes, diet is essential to lose weight and prevent it in the future. Again, a low carb diet is also recommended. Of course, this is an approximate diet that is tailored. Its importance is the normalization of blood glucose and insulin, as well as the control of insulin resistance.
Some people in practice take various diet pills and treat them with folk remedies. You should forget about the first, because at best these drugs will not make sense.
Folk remedies usually contain herbal infusions and decoctions. If you really understand medicinal plants, then maybe something will come out, but you should not make it the basis of treatment.
. Kidney failure
Kidney failure may develop on the background of the disease. It should be understood that it is not caused by dietary proteins, as many mistakenly believe, but because of high blood sugar levels.
The active development of such a disease is stopped when glucose levels return to normal. For this, diet helps. Protein is not excluded from the diet, but it is necessary to work with carbohydrates. Proper nutrition for ordinary people can also lead to the kidneys fully recovering.
However, if the process is taken to extremes, then there will be no return to healthy kidneys. Moreover, in such a case a low carbohydrate diet can accelerate the destructive process. To avoid this, you need to monitor your condition and control your meals, a table set up for you to help you plan meals and insulin doses if needed.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age. In children, this may be due to the fact that there was an excessive consumption of flour products, sweets. By finding the problem in time and solving it correctly, you will avoid complications.
In women, the disease can occur for a variety of reasons. Constant stress, copious meals (mostly unhealthy foods), as well as inactivity can lead to excess weight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
Quite often there is a situation when the disease arose during pregnancy. This is caused by hormonal imbalance. In addition, a woman can actively consume food during this period, which can lead to the development of diabetes.
Typically, there is a less strict diet for pregnant women, which aims to normalize the processes in the body and partial weight loss, but at the same time without harm to the fetus.
With gestational diabetes mellitus or diabetes during pregnancy, a strict diet should only be discussed with a specialist. The diet should be adjusted taking into account that there is a parallel development of the fetus. By excluding any product, you can harm an unborn child.
Type 2 diabetes is less common in men than in women. This is due to the fact that they have a slightly accelerated metabolism. But junk food, alcohol dependence, and little physical activity can easily cause such a problem.